Armed Conflict: How Civilians Can Prepare and Stay Safe

Armed Conflict and War

For decades most Europeans treated war as something that happened elsewhere. Since 2022, governments in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Poland and other countries have again sent their citizens guidance on what to do if it comes. The message is calm and practical: a prepared population is harder to frighten and easier to protect. Most of what you need is the same as for any long crisis.


1. Before

  • Learn your country's warning signals: sirens, mobile alerts and what each one means. In many countries, a siren means go indoors and listen to public radio.
  • Find your nearest public shelter, and where you would take cover if there is none: a basement, underground car park or metro station. See public shelters in Norway.
  • Keep a home kit for at least 7 days, a battery radio and a go-bag for each person.
  • Keep ID, key documents, cash and medicines ready to take with you.
  • Make a family plan with meeting points and an out-of-area contact. See Make a Plan.
  • Learn first aid.
  • Read your government's own brochure. It applies to where you live.

2. During

Air raid warning or attack

  • Go at once to a shelter, basement or the innermost room of the building, away from windows.
  • If you are outside with no shelter, lie down in a low spot and protect your head.
  • Stay there until the all-clear is given.

Daily life

  • Follow official instructions on movement, curfews, blackouts and evacuation.
  • Expect power, water, internet and payments to fail. See Power outages, Water outages and Communication failure.
  • Never touch unexploded ammunition, drones or unknown objects. Mark the place from a distance and report it.
  • Do not post photos or information about military movements or damage.

Disinformation

If you must leave

  • Follow official evacuation routes. Take documents, medicines, water, warm clothes and chargers.
  • Tell your contact where you are going. See Urban Evacuation.

3. After

  • Return only when authorities say the area is safe and cleared of explosives.
  • Look after your mental health and your children's. See Mental Resilience.

Quick checklist

  • Warning signals known
  • Nearest shelter located
  • Home kit, battery radio, go-bags
  • Documents, cash and medicines ready
  • Family plan and meeting points
  • Official brochure read

See all risks.

Sources

Educational material. Always follow instructions from your national authorities. Last reviewed: November 2026.

Prepared on paper, not only on screen.

The full Citizen Preparedness Guide: 14 chapters to read now and print for the day the network goes down.

See the guidesFree resources

Emergency numbers and official sources

European Union

112

Works in every EU country

Norway

112 · 113 · 110

Police · ambulance · fire

United Kingdom

999 · 112

Be Ready, GOV.UK

United States

911

FEMA, ready.gov

32 European countries

Compare

Numbers, alerts and advice by country

Always follow instructions from your local authorities.